The Saint-Louis-Arzviller inclined plane. |
|
| History | |
|---|---|
| Built in: | 1969 |
| Location: | Commune of Saint-Louis, between the towns of Saint-Louis and Arzviller |
| Dimensions | |
| Moves horizontally: | 108.6 m (356 ft) [1] |
| Moves vertically: | 44.5 m (146 ft) [1] |
| Track length | 136 m (446 ft) [1] |
| Inclination: | 1:2.44 [1] |
| Maximum speed: | 6m/sec after 12 m [1] |
| Travel time: | 4 minutes [1] |
| Complete time: | less than 20 minutes [1] |
| Constructed of: | Reinforced concrete with steel rails |
| The Casson: | 41.5 m long, 5.5 m wide, water depth 3.2 m deep, riding on 32 wheels. [1] |
| Powered by: | two winches, each driven by a 100 kW electrical motors [1] |
| Counterweights: | two concrete counterweights, 450 tonnes each. |
The Saint-Louis-Arzviller inclined plane is part of the Marne-Rhine Canal (French: Canal de la Marne au Rhin), located in the commune of Saint-Louis, between the towns of Saint-Louis and Arzviller in the département of the Moselle. It enables the canal to cross the Vosges Mountains.
Contents |
The Marne-Rhine Canal was built from 1838 to 1853. The main problem it solved was going through the Vosges Mountains and especially climbing up its eastern side to its lower point, the Col de Saverne. This was first solved by means of a ladder of seventeen locks, allowing an overall level change of 44.45 metres over a distance of 4 kilometres.[1] In 1969, these locks were replaced by the Saint-Louis-Arzviller inclined plane.[2]
Before the advent of self-propelled barges, the barges were hauled by two to four horses or mules, until the beginning of the 20th century. Then came the tractors, first on railways then on tyres since 1933, with electrical motors first and later diesel engines.
The greatest energy is needed to start the move. Thus, the traveling via the locks ladder was very laborious, tiring, expensive and long.
With 314 kilometres and 178 locks, the travel from Vitry-le-François to Strasbourg took six to nine days. Just using the locks ladder of Arzviller needed one whole day.
Additionally, due to the narrow width of this section, the crossing of two barges was barely possible.
One person was needed to man each lock. These seventeen lock-keepers had to take care of the locks seven days a week and about twelve hours a day. They lived near the canal in houses owned by the state. Their duty was:
In winter, the canal was emptied, to allow the locks' upkeep.
The seventeen locks wasted a lot of water (about 600 cubic metres per boat and per lock plus the leaks). In summer, the water need was greater than could be compensated for by the surrounding available small river and ponds.
Several projects resulting from an international contest[2] had been successively studied and rejected, because some of the systems that were presented, in particular those of longitudinal type - such as the Ronquières in Belgium (1967) – were badly suited to the Vosgean site. The transverse system was the one best adapted to the topography of the site and also enabled the section of the old canal to be kept in service, limiting considerable cuts in navigation time. The only work of this type existing at the time was the Foxton inclined plane of Foxton, Leicestershire (1900).
The new structure opened in 1969.
The system works by basically lifting or lowering a caisson containing a boat on a carriage along a slope using a balancing counterweight.
According to Archimedes' principle, the barge which enters the caisson drives back towards the canal a quantity of water equivalent to the mass of the barge. Thus, the caisson always weighs the same, whether or not it contains a barge.
In principle, the system could function without an engine. Indeed, the caisson is more full at the upper level, because it stops 20 cm below the level of the canal, and less full at the lower level, since it stops 20 cm above the canal. The engines control only the speed, and require relatively low power compared to the transported weight.
Key numbers:[3]
At the beginning, two caissons were planned but, with the decline of water transport, only one was built.[1]
The inclined plane of Saint-Louis-Arzviller is able to carry 39 barges per day. Each journey is made in four minutes, making a total transportation time of twenty minutes between going in and going out. While the inclined plane is manned by two people, water losses are limited to 40 cubic metres and electrical consumption to 40 megajoules (10 kWh) per journey.
The decline in merchant water transport is partly offset by tourist traffic and the carrying of thousands of pleasure boats per year.
Evolution of traffic:
Since the early 21st century, a slight increase in merchant traffic and a slight decrease in tourist traffic have been observed; while energy costs still rise, this could be more effective.
The tourist association of Saint-Louis-Arzviller inclined plane, which has managed the guided visits since the site opened, welcomes about 150,000 visitors per year. This makes this site the most visited one in Lorraine.
This article is partly translated from the similar article in the French Wikipedia.